Interapia – Journal of Clinic, Culture and Mental Sciences
Interapia – Journal of Clinic, Culture and Mental Sciences is an open-access scientific journal committed to the critical and interdisciplinary dissemination of research, essays, and reflections focused on the human mind, subjectivity, and contemporary clinical practices. The journal addresses topics that intersect the fields of psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, neuroscience, philosophy, education, art, and public health, fostering dialogue between theory and practice, ethics and symbolization, clinical knowledge and culture. The journal publishes original articles in Portuguese with abstracts in English, all subject to a double-blind peer review process. It follows a quarterly publication schedule and upholds the principles of open science, academic integrity, and the appreciation of authorship.
Instituto Latino Americano de Saúde Mental e Educação
License Terms All articles published in Interapia – Journal of Clinic, Culture, and Mental Sciences are licensed under the: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) This means that authors retain copyright of their works and grant the journal the exclusive right of first publication, allowing third parties to share, distribute, and reuse the content provided that: Proper authorship attribution is given, clearly citing the journal and the authors; The use is strictly non-commercial; Any adaptations or transformations also acknowledge the original source. Commercial use of any content is strictly prohibited without prior written permission from the authors and the editorial board. Recommended citation: LAST NAME, First Name. Article title. Interapia – Journal of Clinic, Culture, and Mental Sciences, v. X, n. Y, pp. XX–XX, month/year. Available at: [link to article]. Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.
Mourning in the View of Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein
This article examines the concept of mourning from the psychoanalytic perspectives of Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein, aiming to compare similarities and differences between their theories. Freud defines mourning as a natural withdrawal of libido from the lost object, distinguishing it from melancholy. Klein, however, views mourning as a reactivation of the infantile depressive position, involving guilt and reparation. Despite structural differences, both theorists regard mourning as a fundamental and universal process of psychic reconstruction following loss.
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A Importância da Interpretação do Sonho como uma Ferramenta Indispensável para a Psicanálise
Resumo O artigo analisa a interpretação dos sonhos como ferramenta essencial na Psicanálise, destacando seu papel no acesso ao inconsciente e na compreensão dos desejos e conflitos reprimidos. A partir de revisão bibliográfica baseada em Freud, Jung, Klein e autores contemporâneos, a autora demonstra como o conteúdo manifesto e o conteúdo latente dos sonhos revelam processos psíquicos profundos. O texto enfatiza a importância da técnica da livre associação e o uso da contratransferência na prática clínica, explorando também contribuições das neurociências sobre o papel do sonho no processamento emocional. Conclui-se que a interpretação onírica continua sendo um instrumento indispensável na clínica psicanalítica e no autoconhecimento, permitindo ao sujeito simbolizar afetos, elaborar traumas e alcançar maior integração psíquica.
Resumo O artigo analisa a ansiedade sob a ótica da psicanálise, apresentando suas origens inconscientes, manifestações e possibilidades terapêuticas. Fundamentado em Freud, Anna Freud, Lacan, Klein e Winnicott, o texto destaca que a ansiedade funciona como sinal do ego diante de conflitos entre impulsos instintivos e exigências morais ou sociais. A abordagem psicanalítica busca compreender o significado do sintoma e promover a elaboração psíquica por meio da escuta analítica e do trabalho com a transferência. Um estudo de caso clínico ilustra como a compreensão simbólica da ansiedade pode favorecer o amadurecimento emocional e o fortalecimento do ego.
Os impactos psicológicos na autoestima das mulheres usuárias da plataforma social TikTok
Resumo O artigo apresenta um estudo de caso sobre os impactos psicológicos do uso intenso da plataforma TikTok por mulheres brasileiras, com foco nos efeitos sobre a autoestima e o surgimento de sintomas de ansiedade, dependência emocional e depressão. A pesquisa, realizada no ciberespaço, combina observação participante em lives de tiktokers e revisão bibliográfica. O autor identifica correlações entre exposição prolongada, validação social por curtidas e o reforço de padrões imagéticos e erotizados herdados da cultura midiática brasileira. Os resultados apontam sinais de dependência da realidade virtual e reconfigurações subjetivas relacionadas à busca por reconhecimento e afeto no ambiente digital.
Amor Fati: a psychoanalytic reading on the love of fate
Abstract This paper establishes a dialogue between Nietzschean philosophy and Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis, exploring the concept of Amor Fati—love of fate—as an ethical and clinical metaphor in addressing human suffering. Drawing on Nietzsche’s The Gay Science and Ecce Homo, Freud’s Mourning and Melancholia, and Lacan’s Ethics of Psychoanalysis, the author argues that active acceptance of fate enables responsibility and sublimation within analysis. Amor Fati becomes a clinical metaphor for embracing lack and transforming pain into symbolic meaning, offering an ethics of authenticity and subjectivity in contemporary life.
Depressão; Psicanálise; Mecanismos de defesa; Relações objetais; Terapia psicanalítica.
Abstract This article discusses depression from a psychoanalytic perspective, examining its causes, manifestations, and therapeutic approaches. Drawing on Freud, Klein, Bowlby, and other theorists, it integrates key concepts such as mourning, melancholia, defense mechanisms, object relations, and attachment theory. By revisiting classic case studies, the paper highlights how unconscious conflicts shape psychic suffering. It concludes that psychoanalysis remains a valuable framework for understanding and treating depression in contemporary clinical practice.
The constitution of the subject in childhood: the role of the Other in Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis
Abstract This article examines the role of the Other in the constitution of the child’s subjectivity from the Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytic perspective. Through a qualitative bibliographic research, it analyzes core concepts such as infantile sexuality, the Oedipus complex, and the mirror stage. The study shows that children’s subjectivity results from symbolic and imaginary relations mediated by language and the desire of the Other. The absence of this structuring presence compromises symbolization, as seen in cases of autism or symbolic abandonment. It concludes that caring for childhood requires singular listening and a symbolic place, reaffirming psychoanalysis as a critical and clinical tool for understanding subjectivation in contemporary times.
FREE ASSOCIATION AND ACTIVE LISTENING IN PRIVATE ENGLISH CONVERSATION LESSONS: A DIALOGUE BETWEEN PSYCHOANALYSIS AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Abstract This essay builds a dialogue between psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology, and foreign language teaching to inform practice in private online English conversation lessons. Concepts such as free association, active listening, transference, countertransference, and rapport are framed as levers to reduce anxiety, foster fluency, and integrate linguistic, cognitive, and emotional development. Drawing on classic authors and the teacher’s experience with adult learners, the paper argues that spontaneous expression, received through empathic listening, creates a safe and productive environment that enhances autonomy and subjective elaboration. It is a theoretical essay without a formal empirical design, yet it offers clear pedagogical implications for one-to-one online settings.
Reflections on the film “Into the Wild” from a psychoanalytic perspective
Abstract The article analyzes the film Into the Wild through the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Karen Horney, exploring the unconscious processes involved in the protagonist’s search for meaning and freedom.
The use of music in the psychoanalysis of Alzheimer’s patients
Abstract The article explores the relationship between music and psychoanalysis in the treatment of Alzheimer’s patients, highlighting music’s role in evoking memory and unconscious emotions and improving quality of life.
The formation of the ego in the Mirror Stage: the construction of identity in Lacanian psychoanalysis
Abstract The article examines the process of ego formation according to Lacan’s Mirror Stage theory, showing how imaginary identification grounds the subject’s identity and alienation. It highlights the clinical and theoretical importance of understanding the ego as a symbolic and fictional construct.
I and we: individuality in teamwork — how psychoanalysis can contribute to team management within organizations
Abstract The article examines how psychoanalysis can help understand individuality and unconscious dynamics within teamwork. It highlights how recognizing each member’s subjectivity can improve empathy, creativity, and performance in organizations.
Theory of Penis Envy: a critique of the notion of women’s inferiority in psychoanalysis
Abstract The article critically examines Freud’s theory of penis envy from a gender perspective, emphasizing Karen Horney’s contributions and the need for a more inclusive psychoanalytic interpretation of female subjectivity.
Understanding the migratory process, its grief and contemporary challenges
Abstract ( The article analyzes the migratory process and its psychological effects through psychoanalytic, philosophical, and analytical psychology perspectives. It discusses migratory grief as a phenomenon of emotional and identity loss, emphasizing the importance of cultural integration and therapeutic support for mental health.
A arte como instrumento terapêutico na psicanálise: segundo a teoria de Carl Gustav Jung
Resumo O artigo investiga o papel da arte como instrumento terapêutico na psicanálise, segundo a teoria de Carl Gustav Jung. A partir de revisão bibliográfica narrativa, o autor analisa como a arte favorece o processo de individuação, a integração das sombras e a expressão simbólica do inconsciente coletivo. São discutidos conceitos centrais da psicologia junguiana — como arquétipos, imaginação ativa, mandalas e self —, articulando-os com práticas arteterapêuticas de Nise da Silveira e outros autores contemporâneos. O estudo demonstra que a arte não é apenas expressão estética, mas uma ferramenta diagnóstica, de cura e autoconhecimento, capaz de promover equilíbrio psíquico e ampliação da consciência.
The role of the superego in the formation of contemporary morality
ABSTRACT The article examines the Freudian superego’s role in shaping individual and collective morality, exploring its influence on ethical dilemmas in contemporary society.
The Structure of the Mind According to Freud: Id, Ego and Superego
ABSTRACT The article reviews Sigmund Freud’s structural model of the mind, analyzing the dynamic interaction among the id, ego, and superego.
ABSTRACT The essay reflects on the distance between thought and action, arguing that excessive reflection and comfort lead to stagnation and psychological distress.
The defense mechanism in Freudian psychoanalysis: exploring the development of neuroses and therapeutic strategies in idealization
ABSTRACT The article examines the defense mechanism of idealization in Freudian psychoanalysis, exploring its role in the development of neuroses and possible therapeutic strategies. Through literature review and analysis of Anna O.’s case, it discusses how idealization serves as a temporary defense against anxiety but may foster psychological distress when persistent.
The Interpretation of Dreams and the Freudian Legacy in Contemporary Psychoanalysis
ABSTRACT The article revisits Sigmund Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), analyzing its relevance to contemporary psychoanalysis. Through a bibliographic review, the author examines Freud’s key concepts and their dialogue with neuroscience and cognitive psychology. The study concludes that Freud’s dream theory remains theoretically and clinically relevant.
Transference and affectivity in the school environment: a psychoanalytic view of the teacher–student relationship
ABSTRACT This article offers a psychoanalytic reflection on transference and affective bonds between teachers and students in the school environment. Drawing from the author’s experience as an educator, it analyzes situations in which students express deep emotional needs and symbolic projections toward the teacher. Based on Freud, Lacan, and Winnicott, the study concludes that the school is also a space of subjectivation and listening.
Grief through the Lens of Psychoanalysis: Freud, Jung, Horney, Klein, Lacan, and Kübler-Ross
The article analyzes grief from the perspective of six key psychoanalytic and psychological theorists —Freud, Jung, Horney, Klein, Lacan, and Elisabeth Kübler-Ross— presenting a conceptual review of different understandings of loss and its subjective implications. It concludes that grief is a symbolic and emotional process of inner transformation essential to mental health.
Archetypes in Jung’s Theory and their Application in Clinical Practice
ABSTRACT The article deepens the concept of archetypes in Jungian psychology and proposes a tripartite model —structural, regulatory, and representational— connecting it with insights from code biology, neuroscience, genetics, and epigenetics. It discusses the psychobiological basis of archetypes and their clinical applications, emphasizing their role as regulators of the psyche and mediators between innate and cultural factors.
Music as the language of the unconscious: listening, sublimation, and subjectivity in psychoanalytic practice
ABSTRACT The article explores music as a language of the unconscious and its relevance in psychoanalytic practice, based on Freud, Jung, Lacan, Winnicott, Anzieu, and contemporary authors. The author examines how unconscious contents manifest and become symbolizable through musical creation and listening. Drawing from popular, religious, and instrumental works, the study presents music as a symbolic device for sublimation, affect elaboration, and subjective integration. The paper highlights the aesthetic power of music as a psychoanalytic tool and as a privileged space for meaning-making and emotional transformation.
Psychoanalysis and the Phenomenon of Leadership
ABSTRACT The article examines leadership through the lens of Psychoanalysis, emphasizing how Freudian concepts such as transference, identification, projection, and idealization manifest in leader–follower relationships. The author explores unconscious dynamics within organizational power structures and proposes leadership as an affective and symbolic practice. The psychoanalytic approach is shown to expand understanding of organizational behavior and promote more ethical and empathic management.
Therapies in the treatment of anxiety in children and adolescents: a comparative approach between CBT and Psychoanalysis
ABSTRACT EN The article provides a comparative analysis of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Psychoanalysis in treating anxiety in children and adolescents. Through a recent literature review, the author identifies each approach’s theoretical principles, objectives, and techniques. The findings show that CBT produces faster symptom relief, while Psychoanalysis explores the emotional roots and internal conflicts underlying anxiety. The study concludes that both methods can be complementary depending on the child’s or adolescent’s clinical and social context.
Group Psychology and the Religious Sect Phenomenon: A Freudian Analysis
ABSTRACT The article analyzes religious sects through Freud’s Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1921), discussing unconscious mechanisms sustaining group cohesion, leader identification, and loss of individuality. The author links libidinal dynamics and the death drive to blind devotion and psychic regression in sectarian groups. Cases of religious leaders (Jim Jones, Osho, João de Deus, among others) are examined and contrasted with Seth Godin’s concept of “tribes” as a model of ethical and participatory leadership. The paper encourages reflection on ethical leadership, critical thinking, and collective mental health in the face of mass manipulation.
Representation of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave in Room
ABSTRACT The article examines the representation of Plato’s allegory of the cave in the film Room, linking philosophy and psychoanalysis to explore liberation, knowledge, and identity formation. Through an interdisciplinary bibliographic review, the author interprets Jack’s transition from confinement to freedom as a metaphor for the movement from shadows to light in Plato’s narrative. The study reflects on the human experience, self-discovery, and the importance of autonomy in the development of the self, emphasizing cinema’s role as a critical and philosophical medium.
Psychoanalysis in the process of anticipatory grief: an analysis of coping with death and re-signifying life
ABSTRACT The article discusses the process of anticipatory grief, highlighting Psychoanalysis’ contributions to coping with death and re-signifying life. Through a bibliographic review, the author examines the emotional and symbolic dimensions of finitude based on Freud, Kübler-Ross, Bowlby, Worden, Franco, and Quintana. The study emphasizes the role of palliative care, analytic listening, and family participation in the process of farewell and loss elaboration. It concludes that Psychoanalysis, by fostering listening and the symbolization of suffering, contributes to a more humanized and conscious experience of dying, transforming pain into self-knowledge and psychic integration.